Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) is a structured approach used to identify potential failure modes in a system, process, product, or service, assess their potential consequences, and prioritize them based on their impact and likelihood. 
Key Steps in FMEA:
Identify Potential Failure Modes
Determine Effects of Failure
Assign Severity, Occurrence, and Detection Ratings
Calculate Risk Priority Number (RPN)
Prioritize and Take Action
Why Why Analysis (5 Whys): The "Why Why Analysis" or "5 Whys" is a root cause analysis technique used to uncover the underlying reasons behind a problem or issue by asking "why" repeatedly. 
Steps in Why Why Analysis:
Identify the Problem
Ask "Why?"
Ask "Why?" Again
Repeat the Process
Identify the Root Cause
The combination of FMEA and Why Why Analysis is powerful in quality improvement efforts. FMEA helps identify potential failure modes and their impacts, while the 5 Whys technique helps uncover the underlying causes of problems. Together, they provide a systematic approach to understanding, preventing, and addressing issues within processes, products, or systems.